Ada 5 Jenis teks fungsional (Genre based text) yang diajarkan di SMP/MTs, yaitu Narrative, Recount, Procedure, Descriptive dan Report.
1. Narrative
a. Pengertian (Definition)
Narrative is the telling of the story by using spoken or written language. It is usually not real, fiction.
Teks Narratif ialah teks yang isinya wacana dongeng (fiksi/non fiksi/dongeng/ dongeng rakyat, dll) dan dalam alur plotnya selalu disertai dengan puncak masalah/ titik puncak (complication) kemudian diikuti dengan penyelesaian problem (Resolution).
b. Tujuan(Purpose/social function)
The purpose of writing is to amuse or entertain the readers or the listeners.
Tujuan dari penyajian teks ini ialah menghibur para pembaca atau pendengar.
c. Struktur (Generic Structure)
· Orientation
Sets the scene and introduces the participants (who / what, where and when).
Yaitu menjelaskan latar/tempat, memperkenalkan tokoh atau pelaku dan waktu
· Complication
A crisis arises
Permasalahan yang muncul dalam cerita(problem)
· Resolution
The crisis is resolved, for better or for worse.
Penyelesaian problem dengan ending yang baik atau buruk
· Reorientation
Opsional atau pilihan, tidak selalu ada dalam teks narrative, bab ini biasanya berupa komentar atau message dari penulis.
d. Kebahasaan (Language feature)
· Menggunakan Past tense (Kata kerja lampau)
· Menggunakan action verbs, saying verbs, Thinking verbs (material/metal processes) Kata kerja yang menekankan tindakan fisik/aksi, kalimat langsung,dan aktifitas mental/pikiran.
· Time/temporal conjunction (kata sambung yang bekaitan dengan waktu)
e. Contoh Teks
Structure | THE SMARTEST ANIMAL | Language features |
Orientation (when, who, where) | Once there was a farmer from | Ÿ Action verb (highlighted) Ÿ Saying verbs (in italic) Ÿ Thinking verbs (in bold) Ÿ Time conjunctions and connectives (underlined) |
Complication (A crisis arises) | One day, a tiger saw the farmer and his buffalo working. The tiger was surprised to see a big animal listening to a small animal. He wanted to know more about the buffalo and the man. | |
Resolution (The crisis is resolved) | After the man went home, the tiger spoke to the buffalo. "You are so big and strong. Why do you do everything the man tells you?" the buffalo answered, "Oh…the man is very intelligent." | |
Complication (Another crisis arises) | The tiger asked, "Can you tell me how intelligent he is?" No, I can't tell you," said the buffalo, "but you can ask him," So the next day the tiger said to the man, "Can I see your intelligence?" But the man answered, "It's at home." "Can you go and get it?" asked the tiger, "Yes", said the man, "But I'm afraid you will kill my buffalo when I am gone. Can I tie you to a tree?" | |
Resolution (The crisis is resolved) | After the man tied the tiger to the tree, he didn't go home to get his intelligence. He took his plough and hit the tiger. Then he said, "Now you know about my intelligence even if you haven't seen it." |
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